vgz

VMware Labs just released a really cool new Fling called VIB Author which is a tool that allows you to easily create custom VIBs for your ESXi 5.x hosts. If you have tried to create custom ESXi firewall rules or add custom scripts to your ESXi host, you may have noticed they are not persisted after a system reboot and you had to play all sorts of games to get the files to persist. The VIB Author tool now solves that problem and you can even take your custom VIB and integrate them into an Auto Deploy Image Profile using Image Builder. Before you jump right in, be sure to read over the important note in the documentation before getting started.

So how does the VIB Author tool work?

You will need to provide two pieces of input: payload which is set of files you wish to include in your VIB and the descriptor.xml which contains the metadata for your files. From that, VIB Author can produce either a VIB and/or an offline bundle (can be used with Image Builder).

VIB Author is distributed only as an RPM and you will need to install the VIB Author tool on a 32-bit Linux system (sorry, no 64-bit support). In my home setup, I went with CentOS 6.2 i386 as it was free to download & easy to setup or you may choose go with SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 SP2 which is the recommended platform per the documentation.

To install the RPM, run the following command:

rpm -ivh vmware-esx-vib-author-5.0.0-0.0.844296.i386.rpm

In the example below, I will show you how to create a custom VIB that contains several different configurations:

Custom Firewall Rule
Custom Startup script (adds a static route)
Custom Files (ghettoVCB)

Disclaimer: The example below is not officially supported by VMware, please thoroughly test this in a development environment before using in production.

Here is the directory structure for the example that we will be going through:

Step 1 - Create your stage directory structure which we will then populate with your payload files as well as the descriptor.xml file.

mkdir -p stage/payloads/payload1

Step 2 - Create your descriptor.xml file which should be placed in the stage directory. For more details on the parameters within the descriptor.xml, please take a look at the documentation.

Here is an example of my descriptor.xml file:

<vib version="5.0">
  <type>bootbank</type>
  <name>virtuallyghetto</name>
  <version>5.0.0-0.0.1</version>
  <vendor>virtuallyGhetto</vendor>
  <summary>Custom VIB from virtuallyGhetto</summary>
  <description>Adds custom firewall rule, ghettoVCB script and static routes to ESXi host</description>
  <relationships>
    <depends>
    </depends>
    <conflicts/>
    <replaces/>
    <provides/>
    <compatibleWith/>
  </relationships>
  <software-tags>
  </software-tags>
  <system-requires>
    <maintenance-mode>false</maintenance-mode>
  </system-requires>
  <file-list>
  </file-list>
  <acceptance-level>community</acceptance-level>
  <live-install-allowed>true</live-install-allowed>
  <live-remove-allowed>true</live-remove-allowed>
  <cimom-restart>false</cimom-restart>
  <stateless-ready>true</stateless-ready>
  <overlay>false</overlay>
  <payloads>
    <payload name="payload1" type="vgz"></payload>
  </payloads>
</vib>

Step 3 - Create the directory structure and store the files you wish to include under payload1. Ensure the the directory structure matches the absolute path of how you want the files to appear on the ESXi host. For example, if you wish to create a file call foo in /etc/vmware/foo then your directory structure should look like stage/payloads/payload1/etc/vmware/foo

Note: In the documentation, there is a list of default supported paths, if you venture off of this supported list, then you will need to issue the -f flag when creating your VIB as well as installing your VIB on your ESXi host

So for our examples we have the following files:

stage/payloads/payload1/etc/vmware/firewall/virtuallyghetto.xml
This one should be pretty straight forward, we are just creating a custom ESXi firewall rule and you will need to place your configuration file under /etc/vmware/firewall, please take a look at this article for more details on creating your own firewall rules.

stage/payloads/payload1/etc/rc.local.d/999.addStaticRoute.sh
This is a custom shell script that adds a static route to an ESXi host upon bootup under /etc/rc.local.d. There maybe other startup scripts that could be executed and you do not want to conflict with any system defaults. I recommend you label yours with a high number such as 999 to ensure it is one of the last scripts to execute.

stage/payloads/payload1/opt/ghettoVCB/{ghettoVCB.conf,ghettoCB-restore.sh,ghettoVCB.sh}
This is a custom set of files that I would like to store in ESXi under /opt directory and the files are my free ghettoVCB backup script.

Here is a copy of my directory structure (stage.zip) which can be used as a reference.

Step 4 - Now we ready to create our VIB and/or offline bundle by specifying our stage directory as input. In this example, we will generate both a VIB as well as an offline bundle containing the same contents. Run the following command:

vibauthor -C -t stage -v virtuallyghetto.vib -O virtuallyghetto-offline-bundle.zip -f

Note: Since we added some files outside of the default supported paths, we also need to specify the -f flag to force the creation.

We can also extract information about our VIB by using the -i option in VIB Author, to do so, run the following command:

vibauthor -i -v virtuallyghetto.vib

Finally, we are now ready to copy the VIB over to our ESXi host and install our custom VIB.

To install VIB run the following command:

esxcli software vib install -v /vmfs/volumes/[datastore-name]/virtuallyghetto.vib -f

To install the offline bundle run the following command:

esxcli software vib install -d /vmfs/volumes/[datastore-name]/virtuallyghetto-offline-bundle.zip -f

Note: You need to specify the -f flag to force the installation since we created files in an unsupported path. I have been able to test the VIB and offline bundle installation on both ESXi 5.0 as well as ESXi 5.1

To confirm we have succesfully installed our custom VIB, we can query it by running the following command:

esxcli software vib list | grep virtuallyghetto

So there you have it, in just a few steps, you can create your own custom VIBs!

There were several questions today on the VMTN community forums with regards to manipulating .vgz files in ESXi, also known as vmtar files. Due to the sparse amount of information on the web, I wanted to document some of the common operations that can be performed on the vmtar files. I will not be going over the use cases for manipulating or creating custom vmtar files, but here is one use case.

UPDATE (10/16/18) - For ESXi 6.5+, please use the following commands and the example below is using the s.v00 file:

Decompress file:

gunzip < s.v00 > s.v00.xz
xz --single-stream --decompress < s.v00.xz > s.v00.vtar
vmtar -v -x s.v00.vtar -o s.v00.tar
tar -xvf s.v00.tar

Compress file:

tar -cvf s.v00-new.tar bin/ etc/ lib/ lib64/ opt/ usr/ var/
vmtar -v -c s.v00.tar -o s.v00.vtar
xz --single-stream --compress < s.v00.vtar > s.v00.xz
xz --single-stream --compress < s.v00.vtar > s.v00

You can find some of these vmtar files with .vgz extension in the ESXi installation iso, here are a few highlighted in red:

To operate on existing vmtar files, you will need access to an ESXi host via ESXi Shell and using the /sbin/vmtar utility.

Usage: vmtar {[-x vtar/vgz-file] [-c tar/tgz-file] [-v] -o destination} | -t < vtar/vgz-file

In this example, we will copy the install.vgz to an ESXi host to perform some operations.

To list the contents of a vmtar file, you will need to use the -t option:

To extract the contents of vmtar file, you will need to use the -x and -o option:

vmtar -x install.vgz -o install.tar

Note: The output will be a standard tar file which will then need to be extracted before getting to the actual contents

To extract the tar file, we will be using the tar utility:

Let's say we made a change to one of the files and now we would like to re-create the vmtar file, we will first need to tar up the contents by using the tar utility again:

To verify the contents were all tarred up, we can view the contents by using the following command:

tar -tf install.tar

Now we will create the vmtar file using the vmtar utility:

vmtar -c install.tar -o install.vgz

We can confirm the contents by using vmtar -t option once again:

vmtar -t < install.vgz

If you decide to create your own custom vmtar files and want to verify the file layout, you can use vmkramdisk to assist you. Using vdf command, make note of the number of tardisks that have been mounted up.

Also make note of the filesystem layout by performing an "ls" on / (slash):

Now let's say you wanted to create a directory called virtuallyGhetto with a file in that directory called foobar and you wanted it to be mounted up under /

Here are the steps to perform the above:

Do you notice anything different? How about performing an "ls" on / (slash) again?

To umount the vmtar disk, you would use the following command:

vmkramdisk -u virtuallyGhetto.vgz

Creating Custom VIBs For ESXi 5.0 & 5.1 with VIB Author Fling

How to Create and Modify vgz (vmtar) Files on ESXi 3.x/4.x