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Tip from Engineering - Use UEFI firmware for Windows 10 & Server 2016

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Several weeks back I was chatting with a few of our Engineers from the Core Platform Team (vSphere) and they had shared an interesting tidbit which I thought I was worth mentioning to my readers. When creating a Virtual Machine in either vSphere or Fusion/Workstation, customers have the option to override the default and specify the specific Firmware boot option whether that is BIOS or UEFI.


Like most customers, I do not even bother touching this setting and I just assume the system defaults are sufficient. Interestingly, for Microsoft Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016, there are some important implications to be aware of on whether BIOS or UEFI is used. This is especially important since the default firmware type in vSphere for these OSes are BIOS.

UPDATE (01/07/21) - As of vSphere 6.7 Update 3, the default firmware for creating a Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 guest OS is now EFI

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Quick Tip - How to create a Windows 2016 ISO supporting EFI boot w/o prompting to press a key

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We had a question this week from a customer that was looking automate the installation of the latest Windows 2016 Tech Preview running on vSphere. They were booting the ISO using the EFI firmware and found that they would always be prompted with the "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD ...." message as shown in the screenshot below.

boot-windows-2016-using-efi-without-prompting-0
This obviously was not ideal from an Automation standpoint and they were looking to see if there was a solution. Thanks to one of our EFI experts at VMware, Darius Davis, who noted that this has been a known Microsoft issue for some time now and there is even a TechNet article here describing the issue since Windows Server 2008. The only workaround to solve this problem was to re-master the Windows ISO to use the efisys_noprompt.bin instead of the default efisys.bin file.

Given this was not something I had done before and I was curious to see how difficult it really was. I did some digging around the Internet and to my surprise, it was actually pretty hard to find a straight forward article that walks you through on re-mastering a recent release of Windows yet alone on how to enable this EFI not prompt option. I was about to give up when I stumbled onto an article by Johan Arwidmark who outlines the steps to create a Windows 10 ISO from the Windows 10 ESD installer. Given the title of his article, I am guessing that others have also had a hard time finding the correct instructions and tools required to re-master an existing Windows ISO. Johan had a nice Powershell script that converts the Windows 10 ESD installer to an ISO and then using that image to re-master the final ISO.

Given that both Windows 2016 and even Windows 10 is available as an ISO download, we did not need the entire script. Only the last couple of lines of the script is what I was really interested in. Below is a modification of Johan's script and you can see that instead of using the efisys.bin file, we will reference the efisys_noprompt.bin which will remove the prompting when booting the installer using the EFI firmware.

# Path to the Extracted or Mounted Windows ISO 
$ISOMediaFolder = 'E:\'

# Path to new re-mastered ISO
$ISOFile = 'C:\Users\lamw\Desktop\Windows2016.iso'

# Need to specify the root directory of the oscdimg.exe utility which you need to download
$PathToOscdimg = 'C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools'

# Instead of pointing to normal efisys.bin, use the *_noprompt instead
$BootData='2#p0,e,b"{0}"#pEF,e,b"{1}"' -f "$ISOMediaFolder\boot\etfsboot.com","$ISOMediaFolder\efi\Microsoft\boot\efisys_noprompt.bin"

# re-master Windows ISO
Start-Process -FilePath "$PathToOscdimg\oscdimg.exe" -ArgumentList @("-bootdata:$BootData",'-u2','-udfver102',"$ISOMediaFolder","$ISOFile") -PassThru -Wait -NoNewWindow

To use the script, you will need to download and install the Windows Automation Installation Kit (AIK) which will provide you with the oscdimg.exe utility that will be used to re-master a new ISO. You will also need a copy of Windows 2016 or any other Windows ISO that you plan to re-master and disable the EFI prompting and lastly, there are three variables in the script that you will need to update.

  • ISOMediaFolder = This is the full path to either the extracted or mounted Windows ISO
  • ISOFile = This is the path to re-master ISO
  • PathToOscdimg = This is the path to the location of oscdimg.exe (you can use the default it if you install AIK under C:\)

The re-mastering process should not take too long. Once the re-mastered ISO has been created, you can now boot up your VM and you should see that you are no longer prompted with the message but rather booting straight into the installer as seen in the screenshot below. Hopefully this will help others who might have a need for this in the future as I know it as not as easy to find as I had hoped for initially.

boot-windows-2016-using-efi-without-prompting-1

VMware has the best platform to run latest Windows 10 Desktop, Server & Hyper-V Tech Preview!

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I am constantly amazed at the number of guest operating systems that is supported on VMware products like VMware vSphere our Enterprise Hypervisor, vCloud Air our public cloud offering which runs on vSphere and our desktop products such as VMware Fusion and Workstation. If we just look at vSphere alone, it currently "lists" 101 supported guest operating systems! (full list below) However, this is actually a tiny subset of what is actually supported on vSphere as new guest OSes are constantly being added to the support matrix. This also does not include any pre-released operating systems like the recent Apple OS X Yosemite (10.10) Tech Preview. Heck, you can even run Windows 3.11 if you really want to as shown by my fellow VMware colleague Chris Colotti.

To get the complete list of currently supported operating systems for vSphere or any other VMware products, you will want to check the VMware HCL for Guest Operating Systems. Running a filter on latest ESXi 5.5 Update 2 release for all Guest OSes, we can see that the total number of supported Guest OSes is astounding 231! I know this number is even greater as we probably can not capture every single x86 Guest OS that exists out there today which can run on VMware.

Getting back to the topic of this post, I know Microsoft has recently released a new Tech Preview of their upcoming Windows platform dubbed Windows 10 (not a typo, they decided to skip Windows 9) and I know some of you may be interested in trying out their latest release. What better way than to run it on VMware? I know there was a blog or two about running Windows 10 on vSphere, however there was some incorrect information about not being able to install VMware Tools or getting the optimized VMXNET3 driver working. I decided to run all three flavors (Windows 10 Desktop, Server and Hyper-V) on the latest vSphere 5.5 release (should work on previous releases of 5.5) and will share the Virtual Machine configuration.

Note: You can also run Windows 10 Tech Preview on both VMware Fusion and Workstation, take a look at this article for more details. These are great options in addition to vSphere and vCloud Air.

Windows 10 Desktop:

  • GuestOS: Windows 8 64-bit
  • Virtual HW: vHW10
  • Network Driver: VMXNET3
  • Storage Controller: LSI Logic SAS

windows10-desktop

Windows 10 Server:

  • GuestOS: Windows 2012 64-bit
  • Virtual HW: vHW10
  • Network Driver: VMXNET3
  • Storage Controller: LSI Logic SAS

windows10-server

Windows 10 Hyper-v:

  • GuestOS: Windows 2012 64-bit
  • Virtual HW: vHW10
  • Network Driver: VMXNET3
  • Storage Controller: LSI Logic SAS
  • CPU Advanced Setting: Enable VHV
  • VM Advanced Setting: hypervisor.cpuid.v0

For more details about running Hyper-V and the last two advanced settings, please take a look at this article on running other Hypervisors.

windows10-hyper-v
If you look closely at this last screenshot, you will see that I am not only running Windows 10 Hyper-V within a VM on ESXi, but I am also running a Nested Windows 10 VM within this Hyper-V VM! How cool is that!? Not sure there are good use cases for this, but if you wanted to, you could! In my opinion (although I may be bias because I work for VMware, but results speak for itself), VMware truly provides the best platform to the widest variety of x86 guest operating systems that exists.

Here are the guest operating systems that are currently "listed" in vSphere today that can be selected:

Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (32-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (64-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.6 (32-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.6 (64-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.7 (32-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.7 (64-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.8 (64-bit)
Apple Mac OS X 10.9 (64-bit)
Asianux 3 (32-bit)
Asianux 3 (64-bit)
Asianux 4 (32-bit)
Asianux 4 (64-bit)
CentOS 4/5/6 (32-bit)
CentOS 4/5/6/7 (64-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 4 (32-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 4 (64-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 5 (32-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 5 (64-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 6 (32-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 6 (64-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 7 (32-bit)
Debian GNU/Linux 7 (64-bit)
FreeBSD (32-bit)
FreeBSD (64-bit)
IBM OS/2
Microsoft MS-DOS
Microsoft Small Business Server 2003
Microsoft Windows 2000
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
Microsoft Windows 3.1
Microsoft Windows 7 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 8 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows 8 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 95
Microsoft Windows 98
Microsoft Windows NT
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Datacenter (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Datacenter (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Standard (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Standard (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Web Edition (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows Vista (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows Vista (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows XP Professional (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows XP Professional (64-bit)
Novell NetWare 5.1
Novell NetWare 6.x
Novell Open Enterprise Server
Oracle Linux 4/5/6 (32-bit)
Oracle Linux 4/5/6/7 (64-bit)
Oracle Solaris 10 (32-bit)
Oracle Solaris 10 (64-bit)
Oracle Solaris 11 (64-bit)
Other (32-bit)
Other (64-bit)
Other 2.4.x Linux (32-bit)
Other 2.4.x Linux (64-bit)
Other 2.6.x Linux (32-bit)
Other 2.6.x Linux (64-bit)
Other 3.x Linux (32-bit)
Other 3.x Linux (64-bit)
Other Linux (32-bit)
Other Linux (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (32-bit)
Other (32-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (32-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (32-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (32-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (32-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (64-bit)
SCO OpenServer 5
SCO OpenServer 6
SCO UnixWare 7
SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 (32-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 (64-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 (32-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 (64-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 (32-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 (64-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 8/9 (32-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 8/9 (64-bit)
Serenity Systems eComStation 1
Serenity Systems eComStation 2
Sun Microsystems Solaris 8
Sun Microsystems Solaris 9
Ubuntu Linux (32-bit)
Ubuntu Linux (64-bit)
VMware ESX 4.x
VMware ESXi 5.x