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Quick Tip - Listing vSphere Global Permissions using PowerShell

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Parsing complex HTML is definitely challenging, even with PowerShell. I had hoped to use the free tier of ChatGPT and their latest 4o model to help build a PowerShell function for HTML parsing, but I kept running into system limits and the AI often misunderstood what I was asking for.

I finally gave in and purchased the $20 subscription so that I could expand on my 2017 blog post about automating vSphere Global Permissions and add support for listing global permissions, which came at a request from a recent user.

It turns out calling the private vSphere Global Permissions API via the vSphere MOB to show all current vSphere Global Permissions is extremely difficult due to the complex HTML that is rendered by the vSphere MOB. In fact, it took 25 iterations before I finally arrived at the solution using ChatGPT's 4o model. In several of the iterations, it ended up going backwards in progress, so that was pretty annoying!

Not sure if this is the new fancy "vibe coding" trend that I had experienced ... 😅

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Quick Tip - Which vCenter Server Key Provider (KMS) is a VM using?

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vCenter Server requires a Key Management Service (KMS) for enabling VM Encryption, vTPM, or vSAN Encryption. Users have the choice of configuring the embedded Native Key Provider (NKP) built into vCenter Server and/or use an external KMS with the Standard Key Provider (SKP) option.


If you have more than one KMS configured in vCenter Server, you can specify one of the KMS key providers to be your default, which will automatically be used for any KMS-related activities. You can switch between the default KMS key provider and you can certainly specify a specific KMS key provider when using the vSphere API to provision a VM that will leverage VM encryption.

So how do you figure out which KMS key provider a VM is using?

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Automating bulk OPNsense Unbound DNS host overrides

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I recently deployed OPNsense in my homelab, which I will be using it to setup my VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) environment. A critical part infrastructure service that is often miss-configured is DNS and OPNsense provides a simple way add your custom DNS entries (forward/reverse) called Host Overrides, which uses Unbound DNS behind the scenes.

Like most, I have a number of DNS entries that I would like to pre-create and the UI is not exactly the quickest for any type of "bulk" operation as each entry is added sequentially.


Luckily, OPNsense does have a REST API for Unbound functions, but the documentation was not very useful as it just direct users to use the browser to extract the JSON payload, while something I am comfortable with, I think that is not what I expected from something called an API Reference ...

In any case, this was a simple enough API, that I was able to create a quick PowerShell script to parse a CSV file that contains the list of FQDN, IP Address and Description and then perform a bulk create since the API itself was also sequential in nature 🙁

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