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Deploying a vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) in VMC-A?

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During the VMware Cloud on AWS (VMC-A) Customer Summit last week, I received an interesting question from one of our field folks on whether it was possible to deploy a vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) to VMC-A for testing purposes? This was not a use case I had heard of before but it would enable the team to quickly prototype a solution to demonstrate to their customer.

I figured this should work and you should be able to just point the VCSA Installer to an existing VMC-A environment for deployment. It was mentioned that they had attempted to run the installer but ran into a permission issue where it required a full administrator role, which in VMC-A, customers do not have.

In taking a look for myself in one of my VMC-A environment using the VCSA UI Installer, I did indeed run into the same permission issue as shown in the screenshot below.

User has no administrative privileges


This surprised me as the VCSA Installer does not actually require administrative privileges to deploy a VCSA, just the privileges for deploying a regular VM. I captured the logs and screenshots and have shared this with the VCSA PM for further investigation.

UPDATE (01/01/2023) - The workaround shared here is also officially documented in this VMware KB 90922 and deploying VCSA within VMC-A vCenter Server to manage external ESXi hosts such as those residing in an external datacenter or edge location is fully supported by VMware. At the end of the day, VCSA is just another workload running in VMC-A

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Is a DNS server still required when using a Static IP for VCSA?

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When deploying a vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA), customers have two options for setting up a static network address: using either a hostname (Fully Qualified Domain Name) or just a static IP Address (e.g. no DNS). In the first option when using an FQDN, it should be no surprise that you need to also specify a valid DNS Server which the VCSA UI/CLI Installer will automatically validate both the forward and reverse address. This is the most common deployment model for customers in both production as well as for development environments such as a vSphere home lab.

In the second scenario, where a static IP Address is used, a DNS server is not required because we are NOT using an FQDN for the hostname but rather an IP Address. Having said that, if you have ever used the VCSA UI or CLI, you will find that the DNS Server entry is actually a required field and you can not proceed without providing an address.

VCSA UI Installer:

VCSA CLI Installer:

"network": {
    "ip_family": "ipv4",
    "mode": "static",
    "ip": "192.168.30.151",
    "dns_servers": [
        "192.168.30.1"
    ],
    "prefix": "24",
    "gateway": "192.168.30.1",
    "system_name": "192.168.30.151"
}

As mentioned earlier, we know that it should not be required but currently the VCSA Installer is a bit overly cautious in its pre-checks and does require a value today. This is something that has already been shared internally and the team will be relaxing this requirement in the future.

With that said, this leads us back to the original question posed in the blog title, do we need a valid DNS server when using a static IP for the VCSA?

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Enabling shell access for Active Directory users via SSH to vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA)

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I had a question the other day on whether it was possible to enable shell access for Active Directory users when logging into the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) via SSH? The answer is yes and though this is documented here, it is not very clear whether this is only applicable to SSO-based users only. In any case, the process to enable this is pretty straight forward and simply requires two steps which I have outlined below.

Step 0 - Ensure that your VCSA and/or PSC is joined to Active Directory before proceeding to the next step. If not, take a look at the documentation here for more details.

Step 1 - Login to vSphere Web Client and under Administration->System Configuration->Nodes->Manage->Settings->Access, go ahead and enable boh SSH and bash shell options. The first setting turns on SSH to the VCSA and the second setting allows users (local, SSO and AD) to access the shell on the VCSA.


Step 2 - In the vSphere Web Client and under Administration->Single Sign-On->Users and Groups->Groups, select the SystemConfiguration.BaseShellAdministrators group and add either an AD User and/or Group that you wish to allow to access the shell.


Once you have completed the steps above, you can now SSH to your VCSA/PSC using the AD user (UPN format) that you had authorized earlier. In the example below, I am logging into one of my VCSA using user *protected email* and as you can see, I am placed into the appliance shell by default.


At this point I can access all the appliancesh commands just like I normally would if I had logged as a root or *protected email*.

If we wish to change to bash shell, we simply just type "shell" which will enable shell access, assuming you had performed Step 2.


One thing that I noticed is that the default home directory for the AD user is /var/lib/nobody and apparently that does not exists by default, so users end up in / directory by default after enabling shell access. I am not sure if this is also related, but the username shows up as nobody as you can see from the prompt. This is something I will share with Engineering to see if we can improve upon as I am sure most of you would rather see the user that is actually logged in.

The good news from an auditing and logging standpoint is that for operations that are logged, it does properly show the username even though the prompt is showing up as nobody.

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