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Automating VMware Tools Upgrade Policy

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I received a question this week from a reader who was looking to change the VMware Tools upgrade policy for a few hundred virtual machines and wanted to know if it was possible to automate this. The answer is absolutely yes!

By default the VMware Tools upgrade policy is disabled and set to "manual" mode. If you want the vSphere platform to automatically check and upgrade VMware Tools upon a system power cycle, then you can enable it by going to Edit VM->Options->Tools->Check and upgrade Tools during power cycling.

To update this configuration, there is a property in the vSphere API called toolsUpgradePolicy which can accept two values: manual or upgradeAtPowerCycle.

Here is a vSphere SDK for Perl script updateVMToolsPolicy.pl that supports two types of operations: "list" and "update". The list operation will show you all VMs and their currently configured upgrade policy, by default they should be all manual unless you have changed it manually. The update operation will allow you to configure a list of VMs and policy you designate. This change can be done while the VM is running, you do not need to make any changes to the guestOS that is running.

Here is an example of the "list" operation:

If you want to take all the VMs that have "manual" policy and change them over to "upgradeAtPowerCycle", you can copy the output to a file and then use a find or UNIX/Linux grep command to search for entries that have the word "manual".

Here is the command you can use if you are on a UNIX/Linux system:

cat output | grep "manual" | awk -F '["|"]' '{print $2}'

Here is the command to get the first column which contains the VM display name:

cat output | grep "manual" | awk -F '["|"]' '{print $2}' > VMLIST

Lastly, you just need to take the previous command and redirect that to a file which will then be used in the "update" operation. You can also take the output and using an editor to get to the final output, use whatever you are comfortable with.

Here is an example of the commands listed above:

Now that we have the list of VMs we are interested in updating, we just need to select the policy and perform the "update" command. Here is an example:

So there you have it, you can now easily automate the the VMware Tools upgrade policy for any or all your VMs without having to edit each one manually.

Performing A Storage vMotion in vCloud Director Using vCO

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I wrote an article yesterday called Performing A Storage vMotion in vCloud Director Using vCloud REST API and at the beginning I mentioned a few alternative solution to using the vCloud REST API such as the vCloud SDKs: Java, .NET, PHP or the new vCloud Director cmdlets. Afterwards, I realized I left out one very important solution, which is using vCenter Orchestrator (vCO) with the vCloud Director plugin.

I was able to quickly put together a vCO workflow using the Query Service in the vCD plugin and with the help of this VMTN thread from Christophe Decanni. I have exported my workflow so you can easily import it into your vCO Server without any hassle.

Disclaimer: Please thoroughly test this in a non-critical environment before using it on production systems.

Download: StoragevMotionForvCloud.workflow

To start using the workflow, you will need to ensure you have the vCloud Director 1.5 vCO plugin installed and import the workflow after you have downloaded it to your local system:

Here is a quick view of what the Storage vMotion for vCloud Director workflow looks like:

Here is an example execution of the workflow where we will Storage vMotion (using vCloud "relocate" API operation) to move "vESXi-01" VM from "iSCSI-3" to "iSCSI-4" datastore.

Step 1 - Select vCloud vDC and vCloud VM that you wish to performed the Storage vMotion. As part of the initial query, user will be provided with the current datastore the vCloud VM is residing on:

Step 2 - Once the query has completed to identify the current datastore the vCloud VM is residing on, a user interaction request will be needed to select the destination datastore to perform the migration to. You will notice the workflow icon will change to a yellow color and requiring an "answer" from the user. Right click on the workflow and click on "Answer" to continue the workflow:

Step 3 - You will see a "result" field which is the query of the vCloud VM that was selected and the datastore it's currently residing on. You will now have the option to select the vCloud datastore you wish to Storage vMotion the vCloud VM to:

Step 4 - Now you are ready to kick off the Storage vMotion operation. This may take sometime to finish depending on the size of the VM and the speed of your underlying storage. You should see a message under "Log" specifying the operation has been started. If everything is successful, you should see the vCloud VM now running on the new datastore.

Now you can enjoy performing Storage vMotions in vCoud Director with just a click of a button with the help of vCenter Orchestrator! Happy workflowing 🙂

Performing A Storage vMotion in vCloud Director Using vCloud REST API

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Currently there is not a way to perform vSphere Storage vMotion using the vCloud Director UI, but it is possible using the vCloud REST API. Since this feature is exposed in the vCloud API, it is also available using one of the three vCloud SDKs (Java, .NET, PHP), vCO or the new vCloud Director cmdlets but it does require some lines of code.

Since the vCloud API is exposed as a REST API, you can also interact with directly using a command line tool such as cURL or a REST client like the RESTClient Firefox plugin. In the example below, I will show you how to perform a Storage vMotion using cURL with the vCloud Director API 1.5.

Here we have a vApp in vCloud Director and it has two VMs, and as you can see both are located on the same datastore called "iSCSI-3".

Let's say we wanted to migrate the VM called "vESXi-01" to some other available datastore.

Step 1 - Login

You will need a system that has curl installed and you will need an account that has the "System Administrator" role to perform this operation. There are a few parameters you need to specify to login to vCD and obtain an authorization token. You will need to specify the following parameters and the URL to your vCloud Director instance which should be in the form of https://vcd-fqdn/api/sessions:

  • -i = Include headers
  • -k = Performs an "insecure" SSL connection
  • -H = Setting the header for the version of vCloud Director (1.5 in this example)
  • -u = User credentials in the format of [username@org:password]
  • -X = Request type

Note: For more details on the cURL flags, please refer to the cURL documentation.

curl -i -k -H "Accept:application/*+xml;version=1.5" -u administrator@system:vmware -X POST https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/sessions

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:09:53 GMT Content-Type: application/*+xml;version=1.5 Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:09:53 GMT Content-Length: 1275 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <QueryResultRecords xmlns="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5" total="2" pageSize="25" page="1" name="adminVM" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.records+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=adminVM&page=1&pageSize=25&format=records&fields=name,datastoreName" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5 http://172.30.0.139/api/v1.5/schema/master.xsd"> <Link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.references+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=adminVM&page=1&pageSize=25&format=references&fields=name,datastoreName"/> <Link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.idrecords+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=adminVM&page=1&pageSize=25&format=idrecords&fields=name,datastoreName"/> <AdminVMRecord name="vESXi-01" datastoreName="iSCSI-3" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/vApp/vm-0332975f-394f-49d2-baf9-b222d126b942"/> <AdminVMRecord name="vCenter" datastoreName="iSCSI-3" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/vApp/vm-c0e4ead6-6e7d-4914-979b-0da49a8103a8"/> </QueryResultRecords>

If you have successfully logged in, you should get an HTTP 200 response and get similar output as above. You will need to make note of your authorization token which is located on the third line that starts with "x-vcloud-authorization". This will be needed throughout the remainder of the session

Step 2 - Locate VM

Using the new Query Service API in vCloud 1.5, we will locate all VMs within the vCD instance with the adminVM type since we are in the System organization. As you can see the command is very similar to the first one but instead of specifying the credentials, we using the authorization token from step 1. We are also including specific fields in the XML output for readability, if you remove '&fields=name,datastoreName', you will see the other fields in the XML response.

curl -i -k -H "Accept:application/*+xml;version=1.5" -H "x-vcloud-authorization: aMcbkioTMvgVDDDJtdlwjrh6iutLPZ7fjL09hPa89mU=" -X GET 'https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=adminVM&fields=name,datastoreName'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:10:15 GMT
Content-Type: application/*+xml;version=1.5
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:10:15 GMT
Content-Length: 1232

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<QueryResultRecords xmlns="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5" total="2" pageSize="25" page="1" name="datastore" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.records+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=datastore&page=1&pageSize=25&format=records&fields=name" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5 http://172.30.0.139/api/v1.5/schema/master.xsd">
    <Link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.references+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=datastore&page=1&pageSize=25&format=references&fields=name"/>
    <Link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.query.idrecords+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=datastore&page=1&pageSize=25&format=idrecords&fields=name"/>
    <DatastoreRecord name="iSCSI-4" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/admin/extension/datastore/a5d6bf25-7916-45cb-a65a-5dfa14d2ba38"/>
    <DatastoreRecord name="iSCSI-3" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/admin/extension/datastore/c9bff014-deaf-4ad1-8871-b2f2479f454f"/>

If the operation was succesful, you should see a HTTP 200 response and list of VMs in your vCD instance. You will need to make a note of the VM's href property that you wish to perform the Storage vMotion on.

Step 3 - Locate Datastore

Next we will use the Query Service API again to locate all available datastores within the vCD instance. We are also limiting it to the name field (href property is included by default). If you want to further filter the output to a particular vCenter Server, you can specify a filter for the particular vCenter href. For more details, you can take a look at the Query Service API documentation.

curl -i -k -H "Accept:application/*+xml;version=1.5" -H "x-vcloud-authorization: aMcbkioTMvgVDDDJtdlwjrh6iutLPZ7fjL09hPa89mU=" -X GET 'https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/query?type=datastore&fields=name'

HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:11:46 GMT
Location: https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/task/2078bfe6-0a47-4615-a377-01ed8067c637
Content-Type: application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.task+xml;version=1.5
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 01:11:46 GMT
Content-Length: 1283

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Task xmlns="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5" status="running" startTime="2012-02-18T17:11:46.883-08:00" operationName="vappRelocateVm" operation="Relocating Virtual Machine (0332975f-394f-49d2-baf9-b222d126b942)" expiryTime="2012-05-18T17:11:46.883-07:00" name="task" id="urn:vcloud:task:2078bfe6-0a47-4615-a377-01ed8067c637" type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.task+xml" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/task/2078bfe6-0a47-4615-a377-01ed8067c637" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5 http://172.30.0.139/api/v1.5/schema/master.xsd">
    <Link rel="task:cancel" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/task/2078bfe6-0a47-4615-a377-01ed8067c637/action/cancel"/>
    <Owner type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.vm+xml" name="" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/vApp/vm-0332975f-394f-49d2-baf9-b222d126b942"/>
    <User type="application/vnd.vmware.admin.user+xml" name="administrator" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/admin/user/b99d6670-5884-4345-a70d-f417d2e7556b"/>
    <Organization type="application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.org+xml" name="System" href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/org/a93c9db9-7471-3192-8d09-a8f7eeda85f9"/>
</Task>

Again, if the operation was successful, you should see an HTTP 200 response and a list of datastores in your vCD instance. From the output, we can see we have two available datastores "iSCSI-3" and "iSCSI-4". Let's go ahead and select "iSCSI-4" to migrate "vESXi-01" to. Also make a note of the datastore href property you wish to migrate the VM to.

Step 4 - Perform Storage vMotion

Lastly, we just now just need to invoke the "relocate" API operation for a VM. We need to first create the XML response for relocate operation as specified by the API. You will need to create a file that contains href of the datastore you wish to Storage vMotion the VM to:

<RelocateParams xmlns="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5">
    <Datastore href="https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/admin/extension/datastore/a5d6bf25-7916-45cb-a65a-5dfa14d2ba38"/>
</RelocateParams>

Now we are ready to craft our final command to perform the Storage vMotion operation. Taking the information we recorded earlier for the VM, we need to append to the URL "/action/relocate" which will perform the relocate operation on this particular VM. You will also notice in this curl request, it is a POST request and we including an extra header specifying the "Content-Type" for the operation as defined in the vCloud API for "relocate" operation. The last parameter is specifying some data which is our relocate-response file that is needed as part of the request body.

curl -i -k -H "Accept:application/*+xml;version=1.5" -H "x-vcloud-authorization: aMcbkioTMvgVDDDJtdlwjrh6iutLPZ7fjL09hPa89mU=" -H "Content-Type:application/vnd.vmware.vcloud.relocateVmParams+xml" -X POST https://vcd.primp-industries.com/api/vApp/vm-0332975f-394f-49d2-baf9-b222d126b942/action/relocate -d @relocate-response

If everything went well, you should see an HTTP response code of 202 which means the operation was accepted by the server. Within the response of the "relocate" operation, you will get back a task handle for the Storage vMotion operation. If you watch your vCenter Server after you performed the command, you should see a Storage vMotion operation kick off for the VM that you have selected.

Once the operation has been completed, we can open up our vCloud Director UI and we should see that our VM has now been Storage vMotion to the datastore we specified.

Though you can interact with vCD directly with the REST API, you still may want to use one of the higher level abstraction languages to perform this type of operation in bulk.