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Custom script bundle is now possible with Auto Deploy in vSphere 6.5

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It has been some time since I had looked at the Auto Deploy and Host Profile feature in vSphere. As a former customer, I still remember one of the challenges I had in evaluating Auto Deploy and specifically Host Profiles was the fact that it did not cover all the possible ESXi configurations. This made it very difficult to operationalize as you still needed to handle post-configurations through other mechanisms. Trying to keep both solutions did not make sense for me and I ended up opting for the traditional scripted installation method via Kickstart which I had hooks into automate the full ESXi configuration.

In vSphere 6.5, there was a huge effort to significantly improve both Auto Deploy and Host Profile to what customers had expected of this feature, especially around bringing parity between the configurations that could be done using the vSphere Clients and/or vSphere APIs into Host Profiles. In addition, there was also several UI enhancements that now makes it possible to use both Auto Deploy and Image Builder directly from the vSphere Web Client which was never possible before. For more details, be sure to check out the What's New vSphere 6.5 white paper here.

One new feature that I think is worth calling out is the new Script Bundle capability in Auto Deploy. Previously, if a particular configuration was not available via Host Profiles, there was nothing you could really do and you had to write your own custom post-deployment script to apply to the ESXi host. As I mentioned earlier, in vSphere 6.5, we have closed the gap on the ESXi configurations that were not possible using Host Profile and will ensure that will be in sync going forward. Having said that, there are still certain configurations that are not possible today such as creating a custom ESXi firewall rule for example. For these cases, you either had to either hack it up using a method like this or to create a custom ESXi VIB which would then force customers to lower their ESXi's software acceptance level which was not ideal nor acceptable, especially for customers that are security conscious.

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How to prompt for user input during an interactive or scripted install of ESXi?

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A question that continues to pop up from time to time is whether it is possible to prompt for user input during an interactive or scripted installation of ESXi? This is actually something I have written about before using PXE boot options as a workaround to provide for a semi-interactive automated installation of ESXi. The most recent request for this was not actually from a customer but rather someone internally working at VMware. The individual noted that he had already read my blog and a few other references but was still hopeful for a solution. I remember when I had looked into this problem several years back, I was not able to find anything and the inquiries to VMware (which I was still a customer at the time) came up empty.

UPDATE (01/10/19) - For ESXi 6.5 or greater, please take a look at this blog post for an updated solution

After replying back to the individual with the information that I had, it actually got me thinking which is usually not good 😉 Having just recently finished building a new Kickstart environment to test UEFI PXE boot for ESXi 6.0, I figure I might as well take another look at this topic again. I wanted to see if there was something that could be done with one of the /dev/ttyl (teletype) interfaces while the ESXi Installation was running. I did a couple of Google searches and to my surprise, there was someone on the VMTN Community forum who had already solved this problem and posted a solution almost 1 year before my article, not sure how I could have missed that?!

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UEFI PXE boot is possible in ESXi 6.0

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A couple of days ago I received an interesting question from fellow colleague Paudie O'Riordan, who works over in our Storage and Availability Business Unit at VMware. He was helping a customer who was interested in PXE booting/installing ESXi using UEFI which is short for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Historically, we only had support for PXE booting/installing ESXi using the BIOS firmware. You also could boot an ESXi ISO using UEFI, but we did not have support for UEFI when it came to booting/installing ESXi over the network using PXE and other variants such as iPXE/gPXE.

For those of you who may not know, UEFI is meant to eventually replace the legacy BIOS firmware. There are many benefits with using UEFI over BIOS, a recent article that does a good job of explaining the differences can be found here. In doing some research and pinging a few of our ESXi experts internally, I found that UEFI PXE boot support is actually possible with ESXi 6.0. Not only is it possible to PXE boot/install ESXi 6.x using UEFI, but the changes in the EFI boot image are also backwards compatible, which means you could potentially PXE boot/install an older release of ESXi.

Note: Auto Deploy still requires legacy BIOS firmware, UEFI is not currently supported today. This is something we will be addressing in the future, so stay tuned.

Not having worked with ESXi and UEFI before, I thought this would be a great opportunity for me to give this a try in my homelab which would also allow me to document the process in case others were interested. For my PXE server, I am using CentOS 6.7 Minimal (64-Bit) which runs both the DHCP and TFTP services but you can use any distro that you are comfortable with.

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