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How to Netboot install ESXi onto Apple Mac Hardware?

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The ability to perform an ESXi Scripted Installation over the network has been a basic capability for non-Apple hardware customers since the initial release of classic ESX. However, for customers who run ESXi on Apple Mac Hardware (first introduced in vSphere 5.0), being able to remotely boot and install ESXi over the network has not been possible and customers could only dream of this capability which many of us have probably taken for granted.

Unlike traditional scripted network installations which commonly uses Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE), Apple Mac Hardware actually uses its own developed Boot Service Discover Protocol (BSDP) which ESXi and other OSses do not support. In addition, there are very few DHCP servers that even support BSDP (at least this may have been true 4 years ago when I had initially inquired about this topic). It was expected that if you were going to Netboot (equivalent of PXE/Kickstart in the Apple world) a server that you would be running a Mac OS X system. Even if you had set this up, a Netboot installation was wildly different from a traditional PXE installation and it would be pretty difficult to near impossible to get it working with an ESXi image. With no real viable solution over the years, it was believed that a Netboot installation of ESXi onto Mac Hardware just may not be possible.

tl;dr - If you are interested in the background to the eventual solution, continue reading. If not and you just want the goods, jump down a bit further. Though, I do think it is pretty interesting and worth getting the full context 🙂

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ESXi 6.5 support for Apple Mac Pro 6,1

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I know several of you have reached out asking about the support for ESXi 6.5 on the Apple Mac Pro 6,1 but as of right now, the Mac Pro 6,1 is currently not supported with ESXi 6.5. I know this is not ideal especially for customers who wish to take advantage of the latest vSphere release. The good news is that VMware is in the process of testing the Apple Mac Pro 6,1 for ESXi 6.5, however there is not an ETA on when this will be completed by.

Some of you might be wondering why this did not happen earlier? The primary reason is that hardware certification for ESXi is actually performed by the hardware vendors. Once a vendor completes the certification for a particular hardware platform or component, they submit the results to VMware and the VMware HCL is updated. If there is a piece of hardware that is not on the VMware HCL today, it is definitely worth reaching out to your hardware vendor to inquire about its status.

In Apple's case, it unfortunate as they do not participate in VMware's Hardware Certification program for ESXi which makes certification challenging. VMware intends to continue to support customers who require the use of Mac OS X Virtualization and will work towards getting the Mac Pro's certified for latest version of vSphere as mentioned earlier. Historically, testing and certifying ESXi for Apple hardware does take an additional amount of time and in some cases, code changes may even be required due to unexpected hardware changes from Apple.

I hope this gives customers some additional insights into how Apple hardware is certified for ESXi. If you would like to see this improved in the future, you may want to reach out to Apple and provide them with your feedback.

Now ... before you close this blog post thinking it is going to take awhile before there is going to be an update regarding ESXi 6.5 and Mac Pro 6,1, please continue reading further 🙂

UPDATE (07/28/2017) - ESXi 6.5 Update 1 just GA'ed yesterday and is fully supported with all current Apple Mac Pro 6,1 (as you can see on the HCL here) and the workaround mentioned below is no longer required. This means you can install ESXi without any modification to the image.

UPDATE (03/25/2017) - VMware has just published the following VMware KB 2149537 which outlines the officially recommended workaround to install ESXi 6.5 onto the Apple Mac Pro 6,1. The VMware HCL has also been updated to include the Apple Mac Pro 6,1 4-Core, 6-Core, 8-Core & 12-Core systems. In a future release of ESXi, the workaround will not be required and ESXi will just install out of the box. This temporarily workaround is to enable customers who wish to run the current version of ESXi 6.5 which includes GA release, 6.5a and 6.5p01.

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VMXNET3 driver now included in Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan)+

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Yesterday I received a pretty interesting comment from one of my Twitter followers @NTmatter who wrote:

This is a pretty neat find because currently today, the only network adapter that is functional with an Apple Mac OS X guest running on either VMware vSphere or Fusion is the e1000{e} driver. This update was definitely news to me and after sharing it internally to see if I could find some more details, it turns out this news also came as surprise to the folks internally. Darius, one of the Engineers who I frequently reach out to on Apple related topics did some digging and found out that Apple started to bundle this VMXNET3 driver starting with Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) release. You can find the driver located in /System/Library/Extensions/IONetworkingFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleVmxnet3Ethernet.kext

Disclaimer: Given that this VMXNET3 Mac OS X driver was not developed by VMware nor has it been tested by VMware, it currently would not be officially supported by VMware.

If you wish to try out the VMXNET3 driver, you will need to install Mac OS X 10.11 or newer on a VM running on vSphere or Fusion. By default, the only available network adapter type is e1000{e}. To add a VMXNET3 network adapter, you can either manually tweak the .VMX file or you can easily add it by using either the vSphere Web/C# Client or ESXi Embedded Host Client. Below are the instructions on configuring the VMXNET3 network adapter for your Mac OS X guests.

Step 1 - Remove the existing network adapter and then temporarily change the GuestOS type to "Other" (no need to save setting, just update it in VM reconfigure wizard) so that you will be allowed to add a VMXNET3 network adapter. Once you have added it to the VM reconfigure wizard, go ahead and toggle back the GuestOS type to Mac OS X 10.10 and then save the settings as shown in the screenshots below.

mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-vmxnet3-driver-0
mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-vmxnet3-driver-1
Step 2 - Open a terminal inside of the Mac OS X guest and run the following command to load the VMXNET3 driver:

sudo kextload /System/Library/Extensions/IONetworkingFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleVmxnet3Ethernet.kext

Step 3 - You can verify that the VMXNET3 driver was successfully loaded by running the following command:

kextstat | grep -i vmxnet3

mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-vmxnet3-driver-2
Once the driver has been loaded, you should now have networking connectivity to your Mac OS X VM using the VMXNET3 network adapter. Below is a screenshot of the system info showing the VMXNET3 network adapter.

mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-vmxnet3-driver-3
In addition to having an optimized networking when using the VMXNET3 driver, the other benefit is being able to get a link speed of 10GbE which is something customers have been inquiring about when virtualizing Mac OS X guests. Below is a screenshot of the media link shown in this Mac OS X 10.11 guests.

mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-vmxnet3-driver-4
Although this a great development for Apple customers who uses VMware vSphere and Fusion, it also does raise an interesting question on whether Apple would be officially supporting this VMXNET3 driver going forward? If I do receive any more details on this, I will update the article. Until then, you can play with this new capability if you are running Mac OS X 10.11 or greater on VMware. Big thanks to Thomas for this great find and sharing it with the VMware Community!